RESUMO
The effectiveness of modern medical education largely depends on the integration and utilization of digital technologies in teaching various disciplines. In this pilot usability study, we introduced 3D printed anthropomorphic dental models, specifically designed for the elective discipline "Digital and Metal-Free Techniques in Dental Technology" from the curriculum of the Dental Technician specialty in the Medical University of Varna. The evaluation focused on dental technician students' perception of this novel learning environment, its influence on their performance, and the potential for future application of these models and related 3D technologies in their professional practice. A validated satisfaction questionnaire was distributed among 80 students, comprising the total cohort. The results indicated a high acceptance rate, with nearly 95% of participants finding the use of digitally created 3D-printed dental models beneficial. More than 90% believed that exploring digital technologies would enhance their skills. The well-trained instructor's competence in technology use convinced students of its value, with more than 98% expressing a willingness to incorporate these technologies into their future work for improved precision in dental models. However, due to the current high cost of needed equipment, only 10% of participants may practicably introduce this novel technology into their practical work. The use of anatomically accurate 3D printed models is a valuable addition to the current dental technician curriculum in medical colleges.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bulgaria's official stroke mortality rates are higher for rural than urban areas. Official mortality data has indicated that these rates are amongst the highest in Europe. There has been a lack of studies measuring stroke incidence in urban and rural populations. METHODS: We established intensive notification networks covering 37791 residents in Varna city and 18656 residents (55% of them village-dwellers), all aged 45 to 84, in 2 rural districts. From May 1, 2000 to April 30, 2001 frequent contact was maintained with notifiers and death registrations were scanned regularly. Suspected incident strokes were assessed by study neurologists within a median of 8 days from onset. RESULTS: 742 events were referred for neurological assessment and 351 of these, which met the WHO criteria for stroke, were in persons aged 45 to 84 and were first ever in a lifetime. Incidence rates, standardised using the world standard weights for ages 45 to 84, were 909 (/100,000/year) (95% CI 712-1105) and 597 (482-712) for rural and urban males and 667 (515-818) and 322 (248-395) for rural and urban females. Less than half were admitted to hospital (15% among rural females over 65). Twenty-eight day case fatality was 35% (123/351) overall and 48% (46/96) in village residents. The excess case fatality in the villages could not be explained by age or severity. CONCLUSIONS: Rural incidence rates were over twice those reported for western populations but the rate for urban females was similar to other western rates. The high level and marked heterogeneity in both stroke incidence and case fatality merit further investigation.
